|
| Comments |
| VB.NET
‘Single line only
Rem Single line only |
C#
// Single line
/* Multiple
line */
/// XML comments on single line
/** XML comments on multiple lines */ |
| Program Structure |
| VB.NET
Imports System
Namespace MyNameSpace
Class HelloWorld
‘Entry point which delegates to C-style main Private Function
Public Overloads Shared Sub Main()
Main(System.Environment.GetCommandLineArgs())
End Sub
Overloads Shared Sub Main(args() As String)
System.Console.WriteLine(“Hello World”)
End Sub ‘Main
End Class ‘HelloWorld End Namespace ‘MyNameSpace |
C#
using System
Namespace MyNameSpace
{
class HelloWorld
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(“Hello World”)
}
}
}
|
| Data Types |
| VB.NET
‘Value Types
Boolean
Byte
Char (example: “A”)
Short, Integer, Long
Single, Double
Decimal
Date
‘Reference Types
Object
String
Dim x As Integer
System.Console.WriteLine(x.GetType())
System.Console.WriteLine(TypeName(x))
‘Type conversion
Dim d As Single = 3.5
Dim i As Integer = CType (d, Integer)
i = CInt (d)
i = Int(d) |
C#
//Value Types
bool
byte, sbyte
char (example: ‘A’)
short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong
float, double
decimal
DateTime
//Reference Types
object
string
int x;
Console.WriteLine(x.GetType())
Console.WriteLine(typeof(int))
//Type conversion
float d = 3.5;
int i = (int) d |
| Constants |
| VB.NET
Const MAX_AUTHORS As Integer = 25
ReadOnly MIN_RANK As Single = 5.00 |
C#
const int MAX_AUTHORS = 25;
readonly float MIN_RANKING = 5.00;
|
| Enumerations |
| VB.NET
Enum Action
Start
‘Stop is a reserved word
[Stop]
Rewind
Forward
End Enum
Enum Status
Flunk = 50
Pass = 70
Excel = 90
End Enum
Dim a As Action = Action.Stop
If a <> Action.Start Then _
‘Prints “Stop is 1″
System.Console.WriteLine(a.ToString & ” is ” & a)
‘Prints 70
System.Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass)
‘Prints Pass
System.Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass.ToString())
Enum Weekdays
Saturday
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
End Enum ‘Weekdays |
C#
enum Action {Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward};
enum Status {Flunk = 50, Pass = 70, Excel = 90};
Action a = Action.Stop;
if (a != Action.Start)
//Prints “Stop is 1″
System.Console.WriteLine(a + ” is ” + (int) a);
// Prints 70
System.Console.WriteLine((int) Status.Pass);
// Prints Pass
System.Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass);
enum Weekdays
{
Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday
}
|
| Operators |
| VB.NET
‘Comparison
= < > <= >= <>
‘Arithmetic
+ – * /
Mod
\ (integer division)
^ (raise to a power)
‘Assignment
= += -= *= /= \= ^= <<= >>= &=
‘Bitwise
And AndAlso Or OrElse Not << >>
‘Logical
And AndAlso Or OrElse Not
‘String Concatenation
& |
C#
//Comparison
== < > <= >= !=
//Arithmetic
+ – * /
% (mod)
/ (integer division if both operands are ints)
Math.Pow(x, y)
//Assignment
= += -= *= /= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= ++ —
//Bitwise
& | ^ ~ << >>
//Logical
&& || !
//String Concatenation
+
|
| Choices |
| VB.NET
greeting = IIf(age < 20, “What’s up?”, “Hello”)
‘One line doesn’t require “End If”, no “Else”
If language = “VB.NET” Then langType = “verbose”
‘Use: to put two commands on same line
If x <> 100 And y < 5 Then x *= 5 : y *= 2
‘Preferred
If x <> 100 And y < 5 Then
x *= 5
y *= 2
End If
‘or to break up any long single command use _
If henYouHaveAReally < longLine And _
itNeedsToBeBrokenInto2 > Lines Then _
UseTheUnderscore(charToBreakItUp)
If x > 5 Then
x *= y
ElseIf x = 5 Then
x += y
ElseIf x < 10 Then
x -= y
Else
x /= y
End If
‘Must be a primitive data type
Select Case color
Case “black”, “red”
r += 1
Case “blue”
b += 1
Case “green”
g += 1
Case Else
other += 1
End Select |
C#
greeting = age < 20 ? “What’s up?” : “Hello”;
if (x != 100 && y < 5)
{
// Multiple statements must be enclosed in {}
x *= 5;
y *= 2;
}
if (x > 5)
x *= y;
else if (x == 5)
x += y;
else if (x < 10)
x -= y;
else
x /= y;
//Must be integer or string
switch (color)
{
case “black”:
case “red”: r++;
break;
case “blue”
break;
case “green”: g++;
break;
default: other++;
break;
}
|
| Loops |
| VB.NET
‘Pre-test Loops:
While c < 10
c += 1
End While Do Until c = 10
c += 1
Loop
‘Post-test Loop:
Do While c < 10
c += 1
Loop
For c = 2 To 10 Step 2
System.Console.WriteLine(c)
Next
‘Array or collection looping
Dim names As String() = {“Steven”, “SuOk”, “Sarah”}
For Each s As String In names
System.Console.WriteLine(s)
Next |
C#
//Pre-test Loops: while (i < 10)
i++;
for (i = 2; i < = 10; i += 2)
System.Console.WriteLine(i);
//Post-test Loop:
do
i++;
while (i < 10);
// Array or collection looping
string[] names = {“Steven”, “SuOk”, “Sarah”};
foreach (string s in names)
System.Console.WriteLine(s);
|
| Arrays |
| VB.NET
Dim nums() As Integer = {1, 2, 3}
For i As Integer = 0 To nums.Length – 1
Console.WriteLine(nums(i))
Next
‘4 is the index of the last element, so it holds 5 elements
Dim names(4) As String
names(0) = “Steven”
‘Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException
names(5) = “Sarah”
‘Resize the array, keeping the existing
‘values (Preserve is optional)
ReDim Preserve names(6)
Dim twoD(rows-1, cols-1) As Single
twoD(2, 0) = 4.5
Dim jagged()() As Integer = { _
New Integer(4) {}, New Integer(1) {}, New Integer(2) {} }
jagged(0)(4) = 5 |
C#
int[] nums = {1, 2, 3};
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
Console.WriteLine(nums[i]);
// 5 is the size of the array
string[] names = new string[5];
names[0] = “Steven”;
// Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException
names[5] = “Sarah”
// C# can’t dynamically resize an array.
//Just copy into new array.
string[] names2 = new string[7];
// or names.CopyTo(names2, 0);
Array.Copy(names, names2, names.Length);
float[,] twoD = new float[rows, cols];
twoD[2,0] = 4.5;
int[][] jagged = new int[3][] {
new int[5], new int[2], new int[3] };
jagged[0][4] = 5;
|
| Functions |
| VB.NET
‘Pass by value (in, default), reference
‘(in/out), and reference (out)
Sub TestFunc(ByVal x As Integer, ByRef y As Integer,
ByRef z As Integer)
x += 1
y += 1
z = 5
End Sub
‘c set to zero by default
Dim a = 1, b = 1, c As Integer
TestFunc(a, b, c)
System.Console.WriteLine(“{0} {1} {2}”, a, b, c) ‘1 2 5
‘Accept variable number of arguments
Function Sum(ByVal ParamArray nums As Integer()) As Integer
Sum = 0
For Each i As Integer In nums
Sum += i
Next
End Function ‘Or use a Return statement like C#
Dim total As Integer = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1) ‘returns 10
‘Optional parameters must be listed last
‘and must have a default value
Sub SayHello(ByVal name As String,
Optional ByVal prefix As String = “”)
System.Console.WriteLine(“Greetings, ” & prefix
& ” ” & name)
End Sub
SayHello(“Steven”, “Dr.”)
SayHello(“SuOk”)
|
C#
// Pass by value (in, default), reference
//(in/out), and reference (out)
void TestFunc(int x, ref int y, out int z) {
x++;
y++;
z = 5;
}
int a = 1, b = 1, c; // c doesn’t need initializing
TestFunc(a, ref b, out c);
System.Console.WriteLine(“{0} {1} {2}”, a, b, c); // 1 2 5
// Accept variable number of arguments
int Sum(params int[] nums) {
int sum = 0;
foreach (int i in nums)
sum += i;
return sum;
}
int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1); // returns 10
/* C# doesn’t support optional arguments/parameters.
Just create two different versions of the same function. */
void SayHello(string name, string prefix) {
System.Console.WriteLine(“Greetings, ” + prefix + ” ” + name);
}
void SayHello(string name) {
SayHello(name, “”);
}
|
| Exception Handling |
| VB.NET
Class Withfinally
Public Shared Sub Main()
Try
Dim x As Integer = 5
Dim y As Integer = 0
Dim z As Integer = x / y
Console.WriteLine(z)
Catch e As DivideByZeroException
System.Console.WriteLine(“Error occurred”)
Finally
System.Console.WriteLine(“Thank you”)
End Try
End Sub ‘Main
End Class ‘Withfinally |
C#
class Withfinally
{
public static void Main()
{
try
{
int x = 5;
int y = 0;
int z = x/y;
Console.WriteLine(z);
}
catch(DivideByZeroException e)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(“Error occurred”);
}
finally
{
System.Console.WriteLine(“Thank you”);
}
}
} |
| Namespaces |
| VB.NET
Namespace ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community
…
End Namespace
‘or
Namespace ASPAlliance
Namespace DotNet
Namespace Community
…
End Namespace
End Namespace
End Namespace
Imports ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community |
C#
namespace ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community {
…
}
// or
namespace ASPAlliance {
namespace DotNet {
namespace Community {
…
}
}
}
using ASPAlliance.DotNet.Community;
|
| Classes / Interfaces |
| VB.NET
‘Accessibility keywords
Public
Private
Friend
Protected
Protected Friend
Shared
‘Inheritance
Class Articles
Inherits Authors
…
End Class
Imports System
Interface IArticle
Sub Show()
End Interface ‘IArticle
_
Class IAuthor
Implements IArticle
Public Sub Show()
System.Console.WriteLine(“Show() method Implemented”)
End Sub ‘Show
‘Entry point which delegates to C-style main Private Function
Public Overloads Shared Sub Main()
Main(System.Environment.GetCommandLineArgs())
End Sub
Overloads Public Shared Sub Main(args() As String)
Dim author As New IAuthor()
author.Show()
End Sub ‘Main
End Class ‘IAuthor |
C#
//Accessibility keywords
public
private
internal
protected
protected internal
static
//Inheritance
class Articles: Authors {
…
}
using System;
interface IArticle
{
void Show();
}
class IAuthor:IArticle
{
public void Show()
{
System.Console.WriteLine(“Show() method Implemented”);
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
IAuthor author = new IAuthor();
author.Show();
}
}
|
| Constructors / Destructors |
| VB.NET
Class TopAuthor
Private _topAuthor As Integer
Public Sub New()
_topAuthor = 0
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal topAuthor As Integer)
Me._topAuthor = topAuthor
End Sub
Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
‘Desctructor code to free unmanaged resources
MyBase.Finalize()
End Sub
End Class |
C#
class TopAuthor {
private int _topAuthor;
public TopAuthor() {
_topAuthor = 0;
}
public TopAuthor(int topAuthor) {
this._topAuthor= topAuthor
}
~TopAuthor() {
// Destructor code to free unmanaged resources.
// Implicitly creates a Finalize method
}
} |
| Objects |
| VB.NET
Dim author As TopAuthor = New TopAuthor
With author
.Name = “Steven”
.AuthorRanking = 3
End With
author.Rank(“Scott”)
author.Demote() ‘Calling Shared method
‘or
TopAuthor.Rank()
Dim author2 As TopAuthor = author ‘Both refer to same object
author2.Name = “Joe”
System.Console.WriteLine(author2.Name) ‘Prints Joe
author = Nothing ‘Free the object
If author Is Nothing Then _
author = New TopAuthor
Dim obj As Object = New TopAuthor
If TypeOf obj Is TopAuthor Then _
System.Console.WriteLine(“Is a TopAuthor object.”) |
C#
TopAuthor author = new TopAuthor();
//No “With” construct
author.Name = “Steven”;
author.AuthorRanking = 3;
author.Rank(“Scott”);
TopAuthor.Demote() //Calling static method
TopAuthor author2 = author //Both refer to same object
author2.Name = “Joe”;
System.Console.WriteLine(author2.Name) //Prints Joe
author = null //Free the object
if (author == null)
author = new TopAuthor();
Object obj = new TopAuthor();
if (obj is TopAuthor)
SystConsole.WriteLine(“Is a TopAuthor object.”);
|
| Structs |
| VB.NET
Structure AuthorRecord
Public name As String
Public rank As Single
Public Sub New(ByVal name As String, ByVal rank As Single)
Me.name = name
Me.rank = rank
End Sub
End Structure
Dim author As AuthorRecord = New AuthorRecord(“Steven”, 8.8)
Dim author2 As AuthorRecord = author
author2.name = “Scott”
System.Console.WriteLine(author.name) ‘Prints Steven
System.Console.WriteLine(author2.name) ‘Prints Scott |
C#
struct AuthorRecord {
public string name;
public float rank;
public AuthorRecord(string name, float rank) {
this.name = name;
this.rank = rank;
}
}
AuthorRecord author = new AuthorRecord(“Steven”, 8.8);
AuthorRecord author2 = author
author.name = “Scott”;
SystemConsole.WriteLine(author.name); //Prints Steven
System.Console.WriteLine(author2.name); //Prints Scott
|
| Properties |
| VB.NET
Private _size As Integer
Public Property Size() As Integer
Get
Return _size
End Get
Set (ByVal Value As Integer)
If Value < 0 Then
_size = 0
Else
_size = Value
End If
End Set
End Property
foo.Size += 1
Imports System
Class [Date]
Public Property Day() As Integer
Get
Return day
End Get
Set
day = value
End Set
End Property
Private day As Integer
Public Property Month() As Integer
Get
Return month
End Get
Set
month = value
End Set
End Property
Private month As Integer
Public Property Year() As Integer
Get
Return year
End Get
Set
year = value
End Set
End Property
Private year As Integer
Public Function IsLeapYear(year As Integer) As Boolean
Return(If year Mod 4 = 0 Then True Else False)
End Function ‘IsLeapYear
Public Sub SetDate(day As Integer, month As Integer,
year As Integer)
Me.day = day
Me.month = month
Me.year = year
End Sub ‘SetDate
End Class ‘[Date] |
C#
private int _size;
public int Size {
get {
return _size;
}
set {
if (value < 0)
_size = 0;
else
_size = value;
}
}
foo.Size++;
using System;
class Date
{
public int Day{
get {
return day;
}
set {
day = value;
}
}
int day;
public int Month{
get {
return month;
}
set {
month = value;
}
}
int month;
public int Year{
get {
return year;
}
set {
year = value;
}
}
int year;
public bool IsLeapYear(int year)
{
return year%4== 0 ? true: false;
}
public void SetDate (int day, int month, int year)
{
this.day = day;
this.month = month;
this.year = year;
}
} |
| Delegates / Events |
| VB.NET
Delegate Sub MsgArrivedEventHandler(ByVal message
As String)
Event MsgArrivedEvent As MsgArrivedEventHandler
‘or to define an event which declares a
‘delegate implicitly
Event MsgArrivedEvent(ByVal message As String)
AddHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback
‘Won’t throw an exception if obj is Nothing
RaiseEvent MsgArrivedEvent(“Test message”)
RemoveHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOf My_MsgArrivedCallback
Imports System.Windows.Forms
‘WithEvents can’t be used on local variable
Dim WithEvents MyButton As Button
MyButton = New Button
Private Sub MyButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyButton.Click
MessageBox.Show(Me, “Button was clicked”, “Info”, _
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
End Sub |
C#
delegate void MsgArrivedEventHandler(string message);
event MsgArrivedEventHandler MsgArrivedEvent;
//Delegates must be used with events in C#
MsgArrivedEvent += new MsgArrivedEventHandler
(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback);
//Throws exception if obj is null
MsgArrivedEvent(“Test message”);
MsgArrivedEvent -= new MsgArrivedEventHandler
(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback);
using System.Windows.Forms;
Button MyButton = new Button();
MyButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(MyButton_Click);
private void MyButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {
MessageBox.Show(this, “Button was clicked”, “Info”,
MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);
}
|
| Console I/O |
| VB.NET
‘Special character constants
vbCrLf, vbCr, vbLf, vbNewLine
vbNullString
vbTab
vbBack
vbFormFeed
vbVerticalTab
“”
Chr(65) ‘Returns ‘A’
System.Console.Write(“What’s your name? “)
Dim name As String = System.Console.ReadLine()
System.Console.Write(“How old are you? “)
Dim age As Integer = Val(System.Console.ReadLine())
System.Console.WriteLine(“{0} is {1} years old.”, name, age)
‘or
System.Console.WriteLine(name & ” is ” & age & ” years old.”)
Dim c As Integer
c = System.Console.Read() ‘Read single char
System.Console.WriteLine(c) ‘Prints 65 if user enters “A” |
C#
//Escape sequences
\n, \r
\t
\\
\
Convert.ToChar(65) //Returns ‘A’ – equivalent to Chr(num) in VB
// or
(char) 65
System.Console.Write(“What’s your name? “);
string name = SYstem.Console.ReadLine();
System.Console.Write(“How old are you? “);
int age = Convert.ToInt32(System.Console.ReadLine());
System.Console.WriteLine(“{0} is {1} years old.”, name, age);
//or
System.Console.WriteLine(name + ” is ” + age + ” years old.”);
int c = System.Console.Read(); //Read single char
System.Console.WriteLine(c); //Prints 65 if user enters “A”
|
| File I/O |
| VB.NET
Imports System.IO
‘Write out to text file
Dim writer As StreamWriter = File.CreateText
(“c:\myfile.txt”)
writer.WriteLine(“Out to file.”)
writer.Close()
‘Read all lines from text file
Dim reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText
(“c:\myfile.txt”)
Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()
While Not line Is Nothing
Console.WriteLine(line)
line = reader.ReadLine()
End While
reader.Close()
‘Write out to binary file
Dim str As String = “Text data”
Dim num As Integer = 123
Dim binWriter As New BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite
(“c:\myfile.dat”))
binWriter.Write(str)
binWriter.Write(num)
binWriter.Close()
‘Read from binary file
Dim binReader As New BinaryReader(File.OpenRead
(“c:\myfile.dat”))
str = binReader.ReadString()
num = binReader.ReadInt32()
binReader.Close() |
C#
using System.IO;
//Write out to text file
StreamWriter writer = File.CreateText
(“c:\\myfile.txt”);
writer.WriteLine(“Out to file.”);
writer.Close();
//Read all lines from text file
StreamReader reader = File.OpenText
(“c:\\myfile.txt”);
string line = reader.ReadLine();
while (line != null) {
Console.WriteLine(line);
line = reader.ReadLine();
}
reader.Close();
//Write out to binary file
string str = “Text data”;
int num = 123;
BinaryWriter binWriter = new BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite
(“c:\\myfile.dat”));
binWriter.Write(str);
binWriter.Write(num);
binWriter.Close();
//Read from binary file
BinaryReader binReader = new BinaryReader(File.OpenRead
(“c:\\myfile.dat”));
str = binReader.ReadString();
num = binReader.ReadInt32();
binReader.Close(); |